Minnesota Veterinarians: Report dangerous blue-green algae!

Posted by justinelee in Blog, Veterinary

To better understand the incidence and geographic distribution of Harmful algal bloom (HAB)-related illnesses in Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) requests veterinarians report suspect or clinically diagnosed cases of HAB-related illness to the MDH Waterborne Diseases Unit.

Illness in animals is often the first sign that a toxic bloom is present in a waterbody because animals are less likely to be deterred by discolored, smelly water when swimming and drinking. The relatively small size of some animals, particularly companion animals, also means they need to ingest fewer toxins to become ill. Identification and reporting of animal cases can help identify a HAB and prevent future animal and human illnesses.

Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, can be found everywhere in Minnesota, but thrive in warm, shallow, nutrient-rich lakes commonly found in central and southern Minnesota. HABs form when cyanobacteria grow rapidly, forming a bloom. Blooms are often described as looking like pea soup or spilled green paint and can range in color from green, blue, red, to brown. HABs usually occur during late summer and early fall, but can occur in early summer if conditions are right. While not all blooms are harmful, cyanobacteria species can produce three classes of toxins, hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, and dermatotoxins, that can be extremely toxic to animals and humans. Microcystin, a hepatotoxin, is the primary cyanotoxin identified in Minnesota lakes. It is impossible to tell if a bloom is toxic by observation alone, so when a bloom is suspected animals and humans should avoid contact with the water. Animals can display a range of symptoms from skin irritation, vomiting and diarrhea to seizures and liver failure depending on the type and amount of toxin ingested. There are no specific antidotes to these toxins, and treatment is supportive. Activated charcoal may help bind toxins in the gut and reduce absorption.

Illnesses can be reported by calling MDH at 651-201-5414 or toll free at 877-676-5414. Reporting forms for small and large animals along with additional resources for veterinarians are forthcoming and will be posted on the MDH website. A poster that can be hung in veterinary waiting rooms raising awareness about HABs can be found on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency’s website.